(As a special note, please check the box prior to removal to ensure that no animals are in residence)

• A metal pole is preferred to wood as it will not rot, and it is far more difficult for predatory animals to scale.
• One or two nesting boxes for every ten acres of rodent-infested land is recommended; one box for every 4 acres is maximum. 
• Although the box should be located away from dense woods, nearby trees give the fledgling owls a place to perch outside of the box while they learn to hunt.
• Face the entryway away from the prevailing wind.

The top block is drilled half way thorough to receive and provide a cap for the pole. It's mounted at the top of the back, hole down.

The bottom block is drilled to allow the pole to slide through. A set screw is used to tighten the block to the pole.

The pole is run through the bottom block into the top block, the set screw is tightened, and you're ready to put the box up.  

Note that our choice of mounting pole is a 1.25" (Inside Diameter) Schedule 40 Galvanized metal pole that's cemented  into the ground or, better, set on top of a 1” pole (sleeve) that is cemented into the ground first. The bottom of the Barn Owl Box should be 12-feet above the ground. 

Once the cement has set you are ready to continue the mounting process. It is recommended that at least 2 persons be present to place the pipe with the box attached onto the standing pipe cemented in the ground as the balance may be a bit precarious for a single person.

If wooden posts are a must, Redwood is preferable, 16’ long 6”x 6” set in concrete with 3.5’ below grade. They should be plumb.  Attach the box to the post with lag screws, making sure that the box is level and centered on the post.

To deter predators from attempting to climb up to the nesting box, wood posts should have a 3-foot width of metal flashing wrapped around the base of the post 1 foot above the ground. You may find that it's helpful to number the boxes before they are installed.

Barn Owl Box Location Guidelines
Admittedly, it is difficult to predict with certainty whether a box will attract owls; the best locations are sometimes determined by trial and error. Once most of the boxes are occupied, more can be added.

Barn Owls do not necessarily hunt in close proximity to their nest. Therefore, nest boxes can be placed some distance away from heavily infested areas and strategically placed in overlapping areas. Regardless, placing a perch in an area of high rodent infestation will encourage the owls to hunt in that area. Placing the boxes one hundred yards apart is quite adequate. This should provide sufficient coverage and allow for some territorial behavior by the male. 

Boxes may be located near tree lines (within about 100 yards) to provide a nearby perch for young as they venture out of the nest. However, the box should not be too close to dense woods which, in Northern California, are the habitat of the Great Horned Owl and the Red-Tailed Hawk, the Barn Owls primary predators.  If you have trees on the perimeter of your vineyards, install owl boxes on the outside of the foliage drip line.

In vineyards, it is best to place boxes between rows at the end of a row of vines, not in the center of vineyards or at the end of vineyard rows. Place boxes on vineyard lanes taking care that there is open space in a five foot radius around the post providing the owl with visibility to immediate hunting ground and for easy access for maintenance. 

In vineyards with proximal trees, rodents are often in the uncultivated area between the trees and cultivated crops. The number of owls that can be supported is determined by that area.

Areas to Avoid
Because the flight path of owls is low, large trucks and trains are the number one killer of Barn Owls. Box placement should not be near roads or train tracks that have significant night-time traffic.

Barn Owls, along with many other raptors and different species of birds, commonly die from interactions with power lines, so do not place boxes on or near utility poles.

Owl pellets are highly corrosive to metals, so boxes should not be placed near vehicles or other valuable property.

Summary

• Place Boxes 100-200 yards apart
• Face open area
• Mount away from frequent human activity
• Back of box to prevailing winds
• Not too close to dense tree areas
• Away from roads and power lines
• Mount box level to the ground (with bottom of box 12’ above ground)

How Many Barn Owl Boxes do I need?
The question isn't: "Will Barn Owl boxes reduce my rodent problem?"  it's really: "How many boxes are required to do the job?” While the food supply remains dependable, the owls will return season after season. Extra boxes will allow for the natural fluctuation of both prey and Barn Owls. Barn Owl densities of one pair per acre in non-irrigated fields would be necessary to remove the annual reproductive output of gophers.

When spacing owl boxes around the rodent infested areas, keep in mind about four to six boxes will handle 50 light to medium infested acres. UC Davis reports suggest 1 box for every 3 to 4 acres is maximum. Like other birds, owls are collegial, they are not territorial and will share hunting areas. Where rodents are not such a serious problem, the same number of boxes will work for 100 acres. 

The biggest mistake a grower can make is to not providing enough sites. Those who have multiple nest boxes in place, find that 40 to 70 percent of them are used by owls, so installing just one box may or may not work. Keeping in mind the success rate of box habitation is about fifty percent, put up two, three, or more boxes to increase your chances of attracting owls. From then on, add one or more boxes each year to keep ahead of the population. When 70% of your boxes are populated, you have attracted all the owls your land will support.

Choice of Mount
The Barn Owl Box is suitable for mounting in trees or structures although pole mounting is more common. Nest boxes can be attached to a tree, a building such as a barn, or a post away from intense human activity. They should face into an open area away from prevailing winds.

Traditionally, Barn Owls have made their nests in trees or buildings although any structure with a hole will do. However, as trees have given way to cleared land, the pole mount has become more popular..  If trees are selected, note that a clear approach path to the box is needed and, as with any mount, the box must be level to the ground.

As noted earlier, mounting the box on a barn or other building is a possibility, but there is evidence that given a choice owls prefer the sites with the least human activity.

Filler
There is no need to put any nest material inside the box. The owls will regurgitate pellets, consisting of undigested bones and fur into the box, and the female will create a soft nest for the young by carefully breaking the pellets apart. However, early on, because owls bring in no nest material, you might add a 3/4” layer of wood chips or wood mulch to prevent the eggs from rolling around.

Maintenance
A barn owl family will create three inches or more of debris in the box in one season. The box should be cleaned out using a trowel or other cleaning tool once a year during August or September. 

NOTE: Cleaning the box can cause exposure to Hantavirus (Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome). For protection, rubber gloves and a good dust mask should be used during the process, and every effort should be made avoid exposure to the dust

During the cleaning, the box should be inspected for damage, and appropriate repairs done. A few drops of oil applied to the hinges will prolong their serviceable life. After cleaning, add a layer of fresh wood chips.

If an owl is in the box when it is opened, close the box, and try another day.

Signs of Occupation
If a box is occupied a white ring will often appear around the entry hole and scratch marks from the owls exiting and re-entering the box may be visible. Other possible signs of use are pellet debris hanging from the drainage holes and whitewash on and around the box. The sound of hissing is an indication that young owls are in the box - they will vocalize in this manner if they are disturbed.

The presence of adult owls in the area around the box may also indicate that the box is inhabited. The adult owls can be heard shrieking over the fields after the sun has gone down and metallic clicking sounds can occasionally be heard when they fly in the vicinity of their nest. Occasionally there will be no signs of occupancy, but the box will indeed be in use.

In Northern and Central California, Barn Owls begin selecting nesting sites in December or January in time for the February to May nesting season.  Occasionally new nests may be started as late as March but that's getting late as peak hatches are in April. By July, most nest boxes have been vacated by the young who have flown to nearby trees or buildings for the final stages of their development. It is best to install the new Barn Owl Box before January, February at the latest.